Acyclic Alkanes : Compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen in a 'chain-like' conformation Example: Cycloalkane : cyclic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen Example: In a molecule, atoms that are not carbon or hydrogen are called Heteroatoms (such as N, O). Ethene C2H4 2. Pentene C5H10 5. A branched chain alkane or branched alkane is an alkane which has alkyl groups bonded to its central carbon chain. Any family of compounds in which adjacent members differ from each other by a definite factor (here a CH 2 group) is called a homologous series.The members of such a series, called homologs, have properties that vary in a regular and … so they are not linear. ** The shape of methane is tetrahedral and all H-C-H bond angles are 109.5°. Jump to navigation Jump to search. Nonene C9H18 9. (Substute the n with no.of carbons, eg:-Propane 3 C 'C3H2*3+2=C3H8') The suffixis on the first four are from an obscure system but you should be familiar with the rest. The sequence starts with C 3 H 8, and a CH 2 unit is added in each step moving up the series. We'll be learning about different aspects of molecular structure, including common functional groups and conformations. For example, two alkanes have the formula C 4 H 10: They are called n-butane and 2-methylpropane (or isobutane), and have the following Lewis structures:. Heptene C7H14 7. This means that alkenes can exhibit cis/trans isomerism, where the bulkiest group attached to each carbon atom participating in the double bond can either be on the same side (a cis isomer) or on opposite sides (a trans isomer). The properties of organic molecules depend on the structure, and knowing the names of organic compounds allow us to communicate with other chemists. Octene C8H16 8. List of straight-chain alkanes.

Propene C3H6 3. The Structure of Alkanes ** Methane (CH 4) and ethane (C 2 H 6) are the first two members of the alkane family. Structures of Alkanes (2.1A) Organic chemists use a variety of different types of structures to represent alkanes such as these shown for methane (one C), ethane (two C's), and propane (three C's). The general equation for Alkanes is CnH2n+2.

1. ** Figure shows Lewis structures and molecular models for Methane and Ethane. Hexene C6 h12 6.

Butene C4H8 4. Hydrocarbons with the same formula, including alkanes, can have different structures. The compounds n-butane and 2-methylpropane are structural isomers (the term constitutional isomers is also commonly used). Undecene C11H22 Cyclic structure containing heteroatoms are called heterocyclic. Example:

Note that the numbering of the parent chain is always done in such a way as to give the double bond the lowest number, even if that causes a substituent to have a higher number.

between them by a straight line. Alkanes are the simplest hydrocarbon chains. These are commonly known as paraffins and waxes.

Branched alkanes contain only carbon and hydrogen (C and H) atoms, with carbons connected to other carbons by single bonds only, but the molecules contain branches (methyl, ethyl, etc.) Here are the names and structures of five alkanes: Notice that the molecular models on the right show that the bonds are not really at angles of 90°. [graphic 2.1] Kekulé, Electron-Dot and Three-Dimensional Structures. Another important feature of a double bond is that it doesn't allow for free rotation.Single covalent bonds can twist and flip, but double bonds are rigid. Thus, the structure below is 5-methyl-2-hexene.

Substituent groups are named as with alkanes, and their position is indicated by a number. These are organic molecules that consist only of hydrogen and carbon atoms in a tree-shaped structure (acyclic or not a ring). The following is a list of … Here is a list of the first 10 alkanes. Propane and butane are gases at standard temperature and pressure and are used commonly in lighters.

Consider the series in Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\).

Decene C10H20 10.

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